摘要 :
The Qilian Mountains water conservation forest in Gansu province is an important ecological barrier surrounding the oasis in China's Hexi Corridor. The water they provide is the basis for the existence and sustainable socioeconomi...
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The Qilian Mountains water conservation forest in Gansu province is an important ecological barrier surrounding the oasis in China's Hexi Corridor. The water they provide is the basis for the existence and sustainable socioeconomic development of those oases. As a result of unsustainable use of the water conservation forest until the 1980s, the oasis ecosystems of the Hexi region were seriously damaged, and the oasis areas experienced deterioration of their ecological environment. In this paper, Landsat images were used to monitor the temporal and spatial changes in area of water conservation in Qilian Mountains of China's Gansu province and to assess the effect on water conservation by analyzed relationship between water conservation forest area, climatic data and hydrological data. The results showed that the forest covered 15.1% of the study area in 2007 and has followed different trends during the study period. From 1978 to 1990, the forest area decreased; however, from 1990 to 2007, the forest area increased, with a faster rate of increase from 1990 to 2000, and the rate of increase averaged 2,733.89 ha per year since 1990. The water conservation forest appears to play an important role in flood control, runoff regulation, the prevention of soil erosion, and water conservation; and these benefits increase with an increasing area of forest.
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This paper studies the relationship among water conservancy investment, construction of water conservancy facilities and agricultural development through unit root test, cointegration test, Granger causality test and multivariate ...
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This paper studies the relationship among water conservancy investment, construction of water conservancy facilities and agricultural development through unit root test, cointegration test, Granger causality test and multivariate regression analysis. It demonstrates that there exist long-term co-integration relations between water conservancy investment and agricultural development, and between the construction of water conservancy facilities and agricultural development. It is proven that the investment is not the granger cause of the development but the construction is the Granger cause of the development. The result of regression analysis based on the agricultural growth mode suggests that increases in the effective irrigation area and soil erosion control area can notably promote agricultural development while water logging control area has no such an effect on agriculture.
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Water conservation is critical under the current state of climate change and population growth; however, water-conservation programs and research in China have generally focused on technological rather than behavioral innovations....
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Water conservation is critical under the current state of climate change and population growth; however, water-conservation programs and research in China have generally focused on technological rather than behavioral innovations. This paper focuses on the state of water-conservation behavior and water education in China to assess how education, particularly the 9-year compulsory education program, affects water-conservation behavior. A survey (237 participants) was conducted in Guangzhou, the third largest city in China, to determine the attitudes of citizens towards conserving water. Overall, the following observations were made: (1) although 95 % of the participants were aware of water conservation, only 42 % recognized that it is urgently needed; (2) water-conservation actions lag behind water-conservation awareness, and only 19 % of the participants were willing to perform more than five actions, including daily water reuse and conservation, whereas 48 % of the participants performed less than two actions; (3) additional education will result in improved water-conservation behavior; (4) more than half of the participants who had graduated from primary and secondary schools showed poor water-conservation behavior; and (5) water-conservation education in the 9-year compulsory education program was extremely rare (representing 0.2-1.4 % of the curriculum) and only included in four compulsory courses. From these observations, it was concluded that water education seriously lags behind the economic development of Guangzhou. Water and environmental education should be emphasized in the 9-year compulsory education curriculum because this program has a relatively large number of students in China.
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The research was to gain insight into the characteristics, driving forces and barriers, specifications, and other issues of water conservation outsourcing contracts (OSCs) in China. Our analysis is based on information obtained fr...
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The research was to gain insight into the characteristics, driving forces and barriers, specifications, and other issues of water conservation outsourcing contracts (OSCs) in China. Our analysis is based on information obtained from a pre-coded questionnaire, an assessment of OSC documents, and project on-site visits and interviews. The result shows that both parties of the OSCs lack knowledge and experience in preparing contracts. All eight contract documents are underspecified, which is the key reason for the existing disputes found in all OSCs studied. Recommendations are provided by this research to improve China's OSCs in the future.
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Chronic water shortages are a serious and growing concern in the western USA. Water conservation is among the key strategies promoted to help affected communities bring their water demands into better balance with current and proj...
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Chronic water shortages are a serious and growing concern in the western USA. Water conservation is among the key strategies promoted to help affected communities bring their water demands into better balance with current and projected supplies. The term 'water conservation', however, has different meanings to different people at different times, and the muddled and inconsistent interpretation of associated terms - including 'water efficiencies', 'water savings', and 'water use' - can confuse and even impede progress towards intended conservation goals. The importance of evaluating proposed water conservation measures by considering the relevant water pathways, the basin-scale water balances, and applicable water law is discussed, and assessments of several typical water conservation actions are provided as examples. To help planners and policy-makers ensure that proposed water conservation measures are likely to achieve desired conservation objectives, this paper identifies the key aspects to take into account when evaluating specific water conservation strategies and options.
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Nowadays, people are discovering that's necessary to balance the economic development with the environmental responsibility. In addition, limited freshwater supply is driving conservation and water reuse trends.This paper presents...
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Nowadays, people are discovering that's necessary to balance the economic development with the environmental responsibility. In addition, limited freshwater supply is driving conservation and water reuse trends.This paper presents an easy-to-use four-step program for water conservation in industry. These four action steps are: Planning, Gather information, Projects detail and Implementation.Besides to be a guide to implement this four-step program, this paper will focus on a case study of water conservation at a petrochemical plant to show that conserving water supplies and reducing cost are perfectly compatible goals.
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Key TakeawaysSource water protection (SWP) programs funded in the 2018 Farm Bill require highly motivated partners for implementation in priority watersheds.Three categories of past and current SWP projects are discussed: conserva...
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Key TakeawaysSource water protection (SWP) programs funded in the 2018 Farm Bill require highly motivated partners for implementation in priority watersheds.Three categories of past and current SWP projects are discussed: conservation partnership projects, conservation programs for farmers and ranchers, and forestry programs.There are several examples of utilities and US Department of Agriculture partnering to implement SWP programs.
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